SELECT col FROM table查询数据
INSERT INTO table VALUES(...)插入数据
UPDATE table SET col=val WHERE...更新数据
DELETE FROM table WHERE...删除数据
INNER JOIN返回两表匹配行
LEFT JOIN左表全部+右表匹配
RIGHT JOIN右表全部+左表匹配
FULL OUTER JOIN两表全部合并
CROSS JOIN笛卡尔积
COUNT(*), SUM(col)计数、求和
AVG(col), MAX(col), MIN(col)均值、最大、最小
GROUP BY col分组
HAVING condition分组筛选
ROW_NUMBER()行号
RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY)排名
SUM() OVER(ROWS BETWEEN)滑动聚合
LAG/LEAD(col, n)前后行值
WHERE col IN (SELECT...)IN子查询
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT...)EXISTS子查询
FROM (SELECT...) AS alias派生表
WITH cte AS (...)公用表表达式